Prevention, Law Enforcement, and Protection Strategies in the Digital Economy Ecosystem: An Integrated Legal Governance Framework for Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia’s digital economy expands financial inclusion, market access, and transactional efficiency, but also increases exposure to fraud, phishing, identity theft, data breaches, ransomware, and payment abuse. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s legal and institutional arrangements for preventing, investigating, and remedying economic cybercrime and formulates an integrated governance model. Using normative legal research, the study applies statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches to legislation, regulatory instruments, institutional materials, and recent scholarship. The analysis finds that Indonesia possesses substantial criminal, data-protection, electronic-system, financial-sector, and consumer-protection rules, yet their operation remains fragmented across institutions and stages of response. Prevention still relies excessively on user awareness; enforcement is constrained by volatile evidence, uneven capacity, delayed asset freezing, and cross-border barriers; and remedies do not consistently restore victims’ finances, identities, or procedural position. The study proposes an Integrated Digital Economic Security Governance framework comprising a shared risk taxonomy, prevention by design, differentiated platform duties, coordinated evidence preservation and enforcement, victim-centred remedies, accountable international cooperation, and continuous evaluation. Its novelty lies in allocating responsibility according to institutional capacity, knowledge, and control while linking cybersecurity, law enforcement, corporate accountability, and victim recovery within one rights-based and risk-responsive legal architecture.