Legal Liability of Business Actors and Influencers in Consumer Protection Againts Misleading Claims on E-Commerce Platforms (Misleading Claims) on Cosmetic Product Advertising in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/sijal.v4i2.442Keywords:
Legal Liability, Influencer, Business Actor, Misleading Claims, Cosmetic AdvertisingAbstract
The rapid growth of digital cosmetics marketing on e-commerce featuring misleading claims harms consumers, while current advertising legal frameworks do not explicitly cover the boundaries of influencer liability. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of business actors and influencers and examine the obstacles in law enforcement. The research method used is normative legal research through statutory and conceptual approaches with qualitative analysis of the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and BPOM regulations. The results show that business actors bear full civil, criminal, and administrative liability for consumer losses under Article 19 of UUPK, whereas influencers can be held liable for unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code and Article 28 paragraph (1) of UU ITE. Law enforcement obstacles include the ambiguity of influencers' legal status, weak real-time monitoring, and low consumer reporting awareness. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a specific regulatory framework governing professional standardization and legal liability limits for digital influencers to achieve legal certainty for consumer protection in Indonesia.
References
Ali, A. (2009). Menguak teori hukum dan teori peradilan. Kencana.
Ali, Z. (2021). Metode penelitian hukum. Sinar Grafika.
Amazeen, M. A., & Vargo, C. J. (2021). Sharing native advertising on Twitter: Content analyses examining disclosure practices and their inoculating influence. Journalism studies.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Cek KLIK: Kemasan, Label, Izin Edar, dan Kedaluwarsa. Jakarta: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Pengawasan Iklan Kosmetika. Jakarta: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 8 Tahun 2026 tentang Sertifikasi Cara Pembuatan Kosmetik yang Baik. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2026 Nomor 274.
Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. (t.t.). Kamus besar bahasa Indonesia daring. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.
Barkatullah, A. H. (2010). Hak-hak konsumen. Nusa Media.
Barkatullah, A. H. (2019). Hukum transaksi elektronik di Indonesia. Nusa Media.
Berlin, dkk. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban hukum influencer atas ulasan produk kecantikan
yang tidak benar (overclaim). Jurnal Versa: Jurnal Hukum dan Manajemen.
Bertaglia, T., Goanta, C., Spanakis, G., & Iamnitchi, A. (2024). Influencer self-disclosure practices on Instagram: A multi-country longitudinal study.
Black, H. C. (1990). Black's law dictionary (6th ed.). West Publishing Co.
Boerman, S. C., Willemsen, L. M., & Van Der Aa, E. P. (2017). This post is sponsored: Effects of sponsorship disclosure on persuasion knowledge and electronic word of mouth in the context of Facebook. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38.
Cambridge University Press. (t.t.). Cambridge dictionary. Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, C., & Grimm, P. E. (2019). The challenges native advertising poses: Exploring
potential Federal Trade Commission responses and identifying research needs. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 38(1).
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5).
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. (2008). Kamus besar bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (t.t.). Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
European Commission. Guidance on the Interpretation and Application of Directive 2005/29/EC Concerning Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices in the Internal Market. Brussels: European Commission.
Federal Trade Commission. Dot Com Disclosures: How to Make Effective Disclosures in Digital Advertising. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission.
Federal Trade Commission. Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission.
Fowler, J. G., Reisenwitz, T. H., & Carlson, L. (2015). Deception in cosmetics advertising: Examining cosmetics advertising claims in fashion magazine ads. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 6(3).
Fuady, M. (2017). Perbuatan melawan hukum: Pendekatan kontemporer. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Garner, B. A. (2011). Garner’s dictionary of legal usage (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Garner, B. A. (Ed.). (2024). Black’s law dictionary (12th ed.). Thomson Reuters.
Goanta, C., & Ranchordás, S. (2020). The regulation of social media influencers. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gui, H., Bertaglia, T., Goanta, C., de Vries, S., & Spanakis, G. (2024). Across platforms and
languages: Dutch influencers and legal disclosures on Instagram, YouTube and TikTok.
Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia: Sebuah studi tentang prinsip-prinsipnya, penanganannya oleh pengadilan dalam lingkungan peradilan umum dan pembentukan peradilan administrasi negara. Bina Ilmu.
Hinnosaar, M., & Hinnosaar, T. (2024). Influencer cartels.
Hoofnagle, C. J., & Meleshinsky, E. (2015). Native advertising and endorsement: Schema, source-based misleadingness, and omission of material facts. Technology Science.
Hudders, L., De Jans, S., & De Veirman, M. (2021). The commercialization of social media stars: A literature review and conceptual framework on the strategic use of social media influencers. International Journal of Advertising.
Kansil, C. S. T. (1989). Pengantar ilmu hukum dan tata hukum Indonesia. Balai Pustaka.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 31 Tahun 2023 tentang Perizinan Berusaha, Periklanan, Pembinaan, dan Pengawasan Pelaku Usaha dalam Perdagangan melalui Sistem Elektronik. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 763.
Kholidya, J. R. (2024). Tanggung jawab influencer media sosial terhadap iklan obat dan makanan dengan klaim berlebihan (kajian hukum atas Undang-Undang Republik
Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Dan Federal Trade Commission Act Amerika) [Publikasi riset hukum, Universitas Brawijaya].
Kristiyanti, C. T. S. (2011). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. Sinar Grafika.
Kristiyanti, C. T. S. (2018). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. Sinar Grafika.
Law, J., & Martin, E. A. (Eds.). (2022). A dictionary of law (10th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Lumban Gaol, S., Effendi, Z., & Darwis, N. (2023). Pelaksanaan putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) sebagai lembaga quasi yudisial dalam penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di Indonesia. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial dan Sains, 12(2).
Mahmud, S. (2001). Kamus istilah hukum perdata dan dagang. Alumni.
Marzuki, P. M. (2005). Penelitian hukum. Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum. Kencana.
Mathur, A., Narayanan, A., & Chetty, M. (2018). Endorsements on social media: An empirical
study of affiliate marketing disclosures on YouTube and Pinterest. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction.
Mayrhofer, M., Matthes, J., Einwiller, S., & Naderer, B. (2020). User generated content
presenting brands on social media increases young adults’ purchase intention. International Journal of Advertising.
Merriam-Webster. (t.t.). Merriam-Webster dictionary. Merriam-Webster Incorporated.
Miru, A., & Yodo, S. (2004). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Miru, A., & Yodo, S. (2022). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode penelitian hukum. Mataram University Press.
Nasution, A. (2014). Hukum perlindungan konsumen: Suatu pengantar. Diadit Media.
O’Meara, V. (2019). Weapons of the chic: Instagram influencer engagement pods as practices of resistance to Instagram platform labor. Social Media + Society.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Consumer Protection in ECommerce: OECD Recommendation. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Oxford University Press. (t.t.). Oxford English dictionary online. Oxford University Press. Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan
Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 185, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6400.
Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan
Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 222, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6420.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 58, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4843.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas UndangUndang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2016 Nomor 251, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5952.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data
Pribadi. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 196, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6820.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 45, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5512.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 22, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3821.
Satrio, J. (2001). Hukum perikatan: Perikatan yang lahir dari perjanjian. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Shofie, Y. (2000). Perlindungan konsumen dan instrumen-instrumen hukumnya. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Sinaga, N. A., & Sulisrudatin, N. (2015). Pelaksanaan perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 5(2).
Soekanto, S. (2014). Pengantar penelitian hukum. UI Press.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2015). Penelitian hukum normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Stubb, C., Nyström, A.-G., & Colliander, J. (2019). Influencer marketing: The impact of disclosing sponsorship compensation justification on sponsored content effectiveness. Journal of Communication Management, 23(2).
Subekti, R. (2005). Hukum perjanjian. Intermasa.
Subekti, R., & Tjitrosudibio, R. (2005). Kamus hukum. Pradnya Paramita.
Subekti, R., & Tjitrosudibio, R. (Penerjemah). (2009). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [Burgerlijk Wetboek]. Pradnya Paramita.
Susanto, H. (2008). Hak-hak konsumen jika dirugikan. Visimedia.
Zarei, K., Ibosiola, D., Farahbakhsh, R., Gilani, Z., Garimella, K., Crespi, N., & Tyson, G.
(2020). Characterising and detecting sponsored influencer posts on Instagram.
Zulham. (2013). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. Kencana.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anton Fathony, Niru Anita Sinaga, Selamat Lumban Gaol

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright :
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that the Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (SIJAL) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at SIJAL.





















